Cerebral palsy Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Cerebral palsy - Research Paper Example William Little in 1861 and then this disease was called little disease for a long time. After some time Little’s idea was changed to some extent by some other physicians such as Sigmund Feud proposing that even insults during pregnancy faced by the mother can cause this disorder in the child even before the birth. Major causes of Cerebral Palsy occur in parental age which is known as age from birth to first five years (Berker and Yalcin, 47-57). CP is the most common cause of the disability occurring in childhood in Western Societies. It was thought previously that increased cared during, pregnancy, infant caring system and early parental period can decrease the intensity of the disease yet it is not proved as probability of the disease increased between 1980’s and 1990’s greatly. Certain factors that are involved in the early child hood can increase the chances of CP (cerebral palsy) to occur in the children. Even presence of a single risk among all the risk fac tors involved in the aid of disease to happen can increase the chance of disorder to happen in the child as compared to the normal population of babies. Risk factors involved are divided into three main types that prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factors. Prematurity and low birth rates that exist heavily in the western countries are the two main factors that lead to CP. Postnatal risk are also a main factor that exists in rest of the world (Berker and Yalcin, 47-57). A clear relation exists between CP and birth weights. Low weight increases the risk than can result in the disease. Increase in quantity of waste products can affect the development of CNS. Multiple pregnancies can also increase the risk factor. Baby which carries these risks should be taken into extreme care by the medical professionals and parents from the time of birth to early five years which are known as parental years. Other risk factors include bleeding in the brain, brain infections, head injuries and infecti ons affecting the mother and ultimately the child during pregnancy. In some cases however the cause of CP can never be determined (Chan). Clinical analysis of the behavior of the children that are suffering with CP include impairments in CNS, muscle tone, strength and selectivity that are directly related to the damage of the baby in CNS. Secondary problems faced by the children are based on these primary problems. Tertiary problems occur due to the adaptive mechanism followed by the child to deal with primary and secondary problems. Muscles grow due to stretches that occur as a result of active movement. When a child moves and plays it results in a necessary movement of muscles that is required by them to grow properly. This leads to the fact that the child which cannot play due to poor selective control and abnormal balance is having a greater chance of carrying CP. As a result muscles do not grow result in an abnormality in the movement and posture in future (Berker and Yalcin, 4 7-57). Abnormality caused due to lack of muscle movement can result in partial or complete malfunctioning in different parts of the body shown in the diagram as follows: CP due to lack of movement muscles Source: https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhXOJNTQK5H4mxeKa-NHgF_cAFAvyHoDBYkkrqaXjwwrBnF7TbB3J0DhJFYodwV-0mtF5ZP44eiKGPLPAGBWs_F7nD7DngPhLLODjL5Jdl8AmRmL6ZmPG2yJdVn4hy-FbQHz-ByuXfaLbI/s1600/cerebral_palsy2.gif The movement problem during infancy period is not apparent. It happens in the period after the infancy when the children carrying CP show delay in muscle related

Plastic Innovations Case Material Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Plastic Innovations Case Material - Essay Example A stable attention to new strategy and a very professional innovative staff allow strategy to reach a great qualitative point and to obtain great paybacks in the sector. The operations have supported the innovation strategy enormously by inventions of new technologies and machines. The strategy has changed from production of consumer durable items, toys and component of automotive used in industries to spatulas, pasta strainers, hand whisks and others. This has been enhanced due to change in machines from small plastic moulding machines to 24 large injection-moulding machines. Early 1980s small moulding machines were used for toys and automotive components. This later expanded to enhance production of household items. The market change in 2002 from industrial commodities to household; facilitated strategy enhancement to a greater height. This later facilitated change in expertize as seen in 2006 when a new marketing manager was hired. The Focus and Concept brands were initiated due t o the change in management of marketing director. It also changed the market targets and enhanced profit margin. The market is competitive and thus requires new innovations and ideas to keep up with stiff competition. Similarly, operation to keep up with demands and quality must keep on changing its requirements. Markets do change as consumers frequently change their aspects of environment. Likewise, operational requirements must change to meet or challenge environment change. As markets demands get sophisticated so do operational requirements do. Markets and operations requirements differ in the sense that larger markets mean more and more profit but operational costs go higher as markets expanded. Operation requires experts to implement the desired result or objections of company. Similarly, markets require qualified team to achieve desired results. The demand for idea or concept choice is less predictable that leads to unpredictable changes in schedules and large distraction in the production plan. Frequently longer operation times due to non-optimal changes require a respond to unexpected d emand or an impromptu promotion. Markets requirements in directly affect the operations within the firm. Markets range compels operation team to consistently produce quality products. The planning of the project team is affected by the operations requirements and markets target. The difference from the two must be closely monitored in order for a company to achieve the goals. Operations requirement is monitored by the management to check cost incurred, however markets is a sales team work to ensure the gap is ridged significantly. These disparities also give a planning team hectic time in convincing involved parties. Markets requirement requires aesthetics value added to goods or commodities to increase sale. However; operation does not consider the aesthetics in production only the quality of the work and costs. Competition in a market is a key value for every business, the Focus and concept idea was bore in